History of the Founder of Jerusalem
The history of the ancient holy city (Jerusalem) begins 30 centuries ago, the first reliable sources put us in the history of the XVIII-XIX centuries BC. e., when it was called ritual. During this time, Jerusalem was destroyed 16 times and restored 17 times, and its officials were changed more than 80 times, from the Greeks to the Babylonians, from the Romans to the Egyptians, from the Arabs to the Crusades.
In 1000 BC. King David seized
power, bringing the Ark of the Covenant in Jerusalem, which is 10 tablets of
stone with 10 commandments, considered the center of the Jews. Then it was
decided to start building the Jerusalem Temple. However, it was
built in the 960s under King Suleiman in 7 years. BCE. With the participation
of 150,000 workers and 4,000 supervisors. After the king's death, the kingdom
fell to Israel (the northern part with the capital Jerusalem) and Judea (the
south).
Foundation of the Jerusalem
Over the centuries, the Jerusalem city became the scene of more than one military operation, destroyed, but each time the displaced people returned and the settlement was reborn. 332 BC. These territories were occupied by Alexander the Great, as they came under Roman rule, and King Herod became the ruler of Judea, which has been called the cunning and tyranny of the great.
The Jerusalem city where Jesus Christ was
born, lived, died, and rose again. In the time of Herod, the state reached its
maximum prosperity, there is a major reconstruction and restoration of
buildings, including the temple, roads are being laid, a new water supply
system is being introduced. This is the year that Jesus Christ was born in the
holy city of Jerusalem.
After the failed reign of Herod's son, the city prosecutors seized him, Pentecost V, became infamous as the man who ordered the crucifixion of Christ.
The destruction of Jerusalem
An important and tragic role was played by the Jewish War, which took place in 66-73, resulting in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple of Solomon. The city was reduced to rubble. Only after 135, when Emperor Adriana ruled, did it begin to live as a Christian settlement, but under the new name Ilya Capitoline, and Judea was called Syria Palestine. Since then, Jews have been barred from entering Jerusalem under the threat of execution. The Jerusalem city where Jesus Christ was born, lived, died, and rose again
In the time of Herod, the state reached its maximum prosperity, there is a major reconstruction and restoration of buildings, including the temple, roads are being laid, a new water supply system is being introduced. This is the year that Jesus Christ was born.
After the failed reign of Herod's son, the city prosecutors seized him, Pentecost V, became infamous as the man who ordered the crucifixion of Christ.
Since 6388, the city has been under the control of Islamic rulers, who built mosques and named it Al-Quds, considering the place from where Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) went to paradise and received the Holy Qur'an.
In the following centuries, Jerusalem was ruled by the Egyptians, then by the Seljuk Turks, and later by the Crusaders (until 1187), who further propagated Christianity in these lands. Then the XIII-XIV centuries. Mamelukes and passed under the rule of the Islamic religion.
From 1517 and for another 400 years, Jerusalem was ruled by the Ottoman Empire, during which time the city was surrounded by four walls with six gates.
Turkish rule ended in 1917, when British troops led by General Allenby entered Jerusalem. The era of British rule is beginning, which came into its own under the mandate of the League of Nations. Attempts by the British to "reconcile" the Arab and Jewish populations failed, and the United Nations sought to resolve the issue.
History of Conflict regarding Jerusalem
The war, which lasted from November 1947 to March 1949, is divided into two phases. In the first, which took place in 1947-1948, Syria and Iraq came out in support of the Arabs. The end of this period of the war was marked on May 15, 1948, by the declaration of an independent state of Israel.
Along the Jordanian coast (formerly Trans-Jordan) was the territory of Judea and Samaria, as well as the eastern part of Jerusalem, which had Jewish shrines on its territory: the Temple Mount and the Western Wall, the Gaza Strip was occupied by Egypt. It was also possible to defend Mount Scoops, which houses the Hebrew University and Gadsa Hospital. The area was cut off from Israel for 19 years (until 1967) when negotiations were conducted using UN-sponsored convoys.
Wars between Arabs and Jews (1956-2000) For Jerusalem
Doomsday (1973) repulsed the invasions of Egypt and Syria. The First Lebanon War (1982-1985) ended with the defeat of PLO terrorist groups based in Lebanon who fired rockets at Galilee. The Second Lebanon War (2006) was waged by Hezbollah fighters against Shiite terrorists. East Jerusalem's history is at odds with the conflict between Israel and neighboring Arab states.
Jerusalem - Israel's only capital
According to Israeli law, the city of Jerusalem is the only capital of the state. It's eastern and western parts were reunited on June 29, 1967, and have been occupied by Israel since 1980.
The border between East
and West Jerusalem before and after 1967 is shown on the map below.
After the establishment of independence in the state of Israel, many Jews who
had come from Arab countries for resettlement were resettled. Over the years,
the country's population has almost doubled, boosting the formation and
development of settlements in the border areas. Today, on all sides (except the
West), the city is surrounded by large Jewish settlements. The border between East
and West Jerusalem is now guarded by UN international troops.
Read More: Explosive conditions in Jerusalem
The term "East Jerusalem" has 2 meanings today. The area of the city, which was under Jordanian control until 1967.A quarter of the city where the Arab population lives.
East Jerusalem - the capital of Palestine
In the eastern part of Jerusalem, the Old City and the holy Jewish and Christian sites are located: Temple Mount, West Wall, Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Al-Aqsa Islamic Mosque. In July 1988, following the demands of the Palestinians, the King of Jordan abandoned East Jerusalem, and the Palestinian Authority elected him to its Legislative Council in 1994 (following the conclusion of the peace treaty between Israel and Jordan). Added to list
For both Jews and Muslims, a city is a revered place with all religious sites. Because of this, the Arab-Israeli conflict has been going on for many 10 years.
Although the Palestinian capital, East Jerusalem, is the largest city inhabited by 350,000 Palestinians, the Palestinian government is based in Ramallah and cannot formally manage the area. It is not even allowed to sponsor any (even cultural) program within itself, in response to which local residents have boycotted Israeli-administered local elections for years.
Due to the absence of local elections, there is a lot of unrest in Jerusalem city, with groups even trying to take over the neighborhoods, demanding money from traders. Israeli police are reluctant to intervene in local affairs and do not respond to population complaints.
For 10 years, the city has undergone major physical and demographic changes in relation to the construction of a concrete wall passing through Palestinian neighborhoods. Bills were also passed to give elected and other rights to the 150,000 Jews living in the West Bank. At the same time, more than 100,000 Palestinians will be deprived of their rights and placed in a separate local council.
Jerusalem as old Town
East Jerusalem is a city of 3 religions: Christian, Jewish and Muslim. The main locations are located right in the Old City area, surrounded by walls erected in the 16th century. The old city, the oldest part of East Jerusalem (pictured and map below), which is desired by all pilgrims of different religions, is divided into four circles.
Christianity begins in the fourth century. There are 40 churches in the area, as well as monasteries and hotels for pilgrims. The center of this quarter is the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, where the crucifixion, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ took place.
Mosque in Jerusalem
The largest and most numerous part of the Muslims is Arabs, who settled in nearby villages after the departure of Jews and Christians. The main mosques are located here: the Dome of the Rock, Al-Aqsa Mosque, is revered on an equal footing with Mecca. Muslims believe that Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him) came here from Mecca and prayed with the spirit of the prophets.
Far away from the Dome of the Rock lies a stone track, from which, according to legend, Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him) ascended to heaven. On the streets of this quarter is Via Dolorosa, the Road of Soren, which Jesus Christ walks on, turning to the place of his execution - Calvary?
The Armenian is the smallest quarter, with the Cathedral of St. inside. Jacob, who became the center of the Armenian community in the state of Israel.
Jewish - The richest place, because along with the Walling Wall, there is also the excavation of the ancient Roman shopping street Cardo, which was kept by the Roman emperor Hadrian. In the Jewish Quarter, you can also see the ancient shrines of Horvat, Rambaba, Rabbi Johanan bin Zakaya.
Lamentation in Jerusalem
When people all over the world ask where East Jerusalem is, the representatives of the Jewish religions know the answer, because this is where the West Wall, the real Jewish shrine, is located. The wall is a surviving part of the western wall supporting the Temple Mount. The temple of Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans themselves in the '70s under Emperor Titus.
It is named after the fact that Jews mourn the destruction of the first and second temples, which are described in the Scriptures as a punishment for bloodshed, idolatry, and war.
It is 488 meters long and 15 meters high, but the lower part is submerged in the ground. This wall was made of stone blocks without any stone, all its parts are stacked and very firmly fastened. Modern pilgrims and tourists, at the request of God, put notes in the space between the rocks.
Each month, messages from these papers are collected and buried on Mount Olive. Men and women approach the wall from different directions and dress according to the rules: they cover their heads and shoulders.
After the 1948 war, when the wall was under Jordanian control, Jews were barred from accessing it, and only after 1967, after a six-day war, did Israeli troops retake the Old City and its interior inside East Jerusalem. He regained the wall himself.
Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
The last building was erected in 1810, after repeated destruction and reconstruction, from the conversion of Christians to Muslims in Jerusalem and vice versa and then destroyed by a terrible fire. In 1852, the church was divided into six denominations.
It consists of 3 parts:
·
The Church at Calvary,
·
The Holy Sepulcher's Chapel
·
The Church of the Resurrection
For each religion, there are
specific times for prayer. Although all relationships are legal by agreement,
disputes often arise between representatives of these beliefs.
In Rotunda there is a cocoon in the middle of the temple - a marble chapel, divided into two parts. Angel’s Chapel, which has a window for the transmission of the Holy Fire (the ceremony takes place every year before the beginning of Easter); The Holy Sepulcher, or funeral lodge, is a small cave carved into the rock where Jesus lay, now covered with a marble slab.
Another shrine of the temple is the top of the mountain, Golgotha, on which steps have been taken. The temple is divided into two parts: the place where the cross was placed, now marked with a silver circle, and the two tracks where the cross of robbers is believed to have been located with Christ. ۔
In the middle of the third shrine, the Church of the Resurrection stands a stone vase, considered the "navel of the earth," leading down the stairs to the basement, where the cross was discovered by Empress Elena.
